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On August 6, 2025, the 80th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the suffering and struggle of Korean survivors and their descendants remain unresolved. These victims, forgotten by history, continue to fight for a formal apology, medical compensation, and historical recognition.

1. Historical Background of Korean Survivors

Colonization and Forced Labor: At the time of the atomic bombing in 1945, Korea had been a Japanese colony for 35 years. There were approximately 140,000 Koreans in Hiroshima at the time, many of whom were forced laborers or low-income workers forced to migrate to escape famine on the Korean Peninsula.

High Mortality Rates and Discrimination: The mortality rate for Korean survivors was as high as 57.1%, far higher than the 33.7% for Japanese. After the bombing, approximately 23,000 Korean survivors returned to their homeland, but faced discrimination and even exclusion from mainstream society due to radiation sickness and stigma.

2. Long-standing Issues of Justice

Dilemma of Medical Care and Compensation: The South Korean government did not conduct its first formal investigation of survivors until 2019, while the Japanese government has long refused to provide medical assistance to overseas survivors. It wasn't until 2003 that Korean survivors, through a lawsuit, forced Japan to rescind the "402 Notice," allowing overseas victims to receive medical support. 512

Second- and third-generation health effects: Many descendants of survivors suffer from diseases such as cancer, kidney failure, and congenital disabilities, but scientific verification of the genetic effects of radiation is costly and government support is limited. 38

3. Political and Diplomatic Stalemate

Responsibility-shifting among the US, Japan, and South Korea:

The US has never apologized for the atomic bombings, and survivors believe the US should acknowledge the harm to non-Japanese civilians. 12

Japan: Although individual officials have visited Korean survivor communities, no formal apology has been made for its colonial history or atomic bomb victims. 8

South Korea: Due to its reliance on the US-ROK alliance during the Cold War, it has long avoided criticizing the US, leading to the marginalization of survivors. 12

4. Survivors' Demands and the Future

Memory and Recognition: Many survivors emphasize that "memory is more important than compensation" and hope that history will not be forgotten. 3

The Role of the International Community: The Red Cross and non-governmental organizations have called for accelerated evidence collection while survivors are still alive and for the promotion of cross-border medical cooperation. 812

Eighty years later, the Korean survivors' struggle continues. Their stories bear not only scars on World War II history but also serve as a reminder to the world that justice delayed is justice denied.