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The meeting between Russia's Deputy Defense Minister and India's ambassador to Russia once again underscored the resilience of the Russia-India "special strategic partnership" in military technology, despite Western pressure on India to reduce its dependence on Russia. This interaction sent several important signals:

1. Solid Foundation for Cooperation

Historical Ties: 60% of India's Army and 70% of its Air Force equipment remain Russian/Soviet, and major contracts such as the S-400 air defense system remain in place.

Realistic Needs: Russia offers more flexible technology transfer terms than the West (e.g., joint development of the BrahMos missile).

Payment Innovation: Establishing a rupee-ruble local currency settlement mechanism to circumvent sanctions, with bilateral military trade expected to reach $5 billion in 2023.

2. Key Areas of Cooperation

Technology Upgrade: Localization of the T-90MS tank production line (Chennai plant), joint production of AK-203 rifles (annual production of 700,000 rifles).

Emerging Areas: Satellite Navigation (India's participation in the construction of the GLONASS ground station), and interest in hypersonic technology cooperation.

Logistics: Russia has pledged to ensure the supply of spare parts for India's existing equipment (covering 272 Russian-made weapon systems).

3. Geostrategic Considerations

Russian Perspective:

India is a key market for maintaining the functioning of the military-industrial complex (accounting for 35% of Russian arms exports).

Using India to offset the impact of China's declining share of Russian arms imports (from 65% to 23%).

Indian Perspective:

Maintaining a diversified source of weapons (procuring both French Rafale and American drones).

Utilizing Russian-made equipment to maintain military superiority over Pakistan.

4. Challenges and Breakthroughs

Western Pressure: The threat of US CAATSA sanctions persists (although India has faced no substantial penalties for its S-400 purchase).

Alternative: Russia opens Su-57E exports to India to counter the regional proliferation of the US-made F-35.

Production Capacity Bottlenecks: The Russia-Ukraine conflict has delayed the delivery of some equipment (such as the upgrade of the Talwar-class frigates).

This meeting coincides with the post-election political landscape in India, and Russia is clearly seizing this window of opportunity for cooperation. Of note is the potential confidential discussion between the two sides regarding a bundled energy-military trade deal (using discounted crude oil revenues to offset military purchases), which would further strengthen the bilateral relationship's resilience to sanctions. In the medium and long term, Russia-India military cooperation will shift more towards joint technological research rather than a simple buying and selling relationship, but the tension between India's "diversification of arms imports" strategy and Russia's "turn to the East" policy still exists.